![]() Due to the switching logic, an on-off controller is often called a bang-bang controller or a two-step controller. An on-off controller doesn’t have intermediate states but only fully ON or fully OFF states. ![]() The on-off control is the simplest form of a controller, which switches ON when the error is positive and switches OFF when the error is zero or negative. In industrial applications there are several control laws used, most of them being on-off control, PID control or other more advanced laws (fuzzy, neuro-fuzzy, optimal, etc.). The ways in which the controller reacts to the error are called control laws or control modes. The role of the controller is to reject these disturbances and keep the plant output (controlled variable) to the predefined value (setpoint). ![]() The difference between the setpoint and the plant output (measured) occurs because of the disturbances which affect the plant (process). Image: Closed-loop (feedback) control system ![]()
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